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Positionally cloned genes and age-specific effects in asthma and atopy: an international population-based cohort study (ECRHS)

Identifieur interne : 007627 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 007626; suivant : 007628

Positionally cloned genes and age-specific effects in asthma and atopy: an international population-based cohort study (ECRHS)

Auteurs : F. Castro-Giner [Espagne] ; R. De Cid [Espagne] ; J. R. Gonzalez [Espagne] ; D. Jarvis [Royaume-Uni] ; J. Heinrich [Allemagne] ; C. Janson [Suède] ; E. R. Omenaas [Norvège] ; M. C. Matheson [Australie] ; I. Pin [France] ; J. M. Anto [Espagne] ; M. Wjst [Allemagne] ; X. Estivill [Espagne] ; M. Kogevinas [Espagne, Grèce]

Source :

RBID : Pascal:10-0094162

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Background Several genes identified by positional cloning have been associated with asthma and atopy, but few findings have been replicated. Age at onset of asthma has been associated with different phenotypic characteristics, and with variants at chromosome 17q21 identified through genome-wide association. This study examined the associations and age-specific effects on asthma, atopy and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) of five candidate genes previously identified by positional cloning (ADAM33, PHF11, NPSR1, DPP10, SPINK5). Methods 51 polymorphisms from 2474 participants from 13 countries who took part in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (1990-2000) were studied. Asthma and age at onset of asthma were assessed by questionnaire data, BHR by methacholine challenge and atopy by specific immunoglobulin E to four common allergens. Results Significant associations with asthma, atopy and particularly for asthma with atopy were observed for a large region of 47 kb in the NPSR1 gene, even after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p<0.001). The associations with NPSR1 were stronger in those reporting a first attack of asthma before the age of 15, with statistically significant interactions with age of onset found for three SNPs. The evidence for ADAM33 and BHR and for an age-specific effect of two SNPs in DPP10 and asthma was weaker. Conclusion This study provides further evidence for an effect of NPSR1 on asthma, atopy and atopic asthma. In addition, this analysis suggests a role for NPSR1 in early-onset asthma driven by the strong effect of this gene on atopic asthma.


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<s1>CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="04">
<s1>Genes and Disease Program, Center for Genomic Regulation</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gonzalez, J R" sort="Gonzalez, J R" uniqKey="Gonzalez J" first="J. R." last="Gonzalez">J. R. Gonzalez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="01">
<s1>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL)</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="02">
<s1>Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar)</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="03">
<s1>CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jarvis, D" sort="Jarvis, D" uniqKey="Jarvis D" first="D." last="Jarvis">D. Jarvis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="05">
<s1>Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College</s1>
<s2>London</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Heinrich, J" sort="Heinrich, J" uniqKey="Heinrich J" first="J." last="Heinrich">J. Heinrich</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="06">
<s1>Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen</s1>
<s2>Munich</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Janson, C" sort="Janson, C" uniqKey="Janson C" first="C." last="Janson">C. Janson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<inist:fA14 i1="07">
<s1>Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Uppsala University</s1>
<s2>Uppsala</s2>
<s3>SWE</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Suède</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Omenaas, E R" sort="Omenaas, E R" uniqKey="Omenaas E" first="E. R." last="Omenaas">E. R. Omenaas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="08">
<s1>Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital</s1>
<s2>Bergen</s2>
<s3>NOR</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Norvège</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="09">
<s1>Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital</s1>
<s2>Bergen</s2>
<s3>NOR</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Norvège</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Bergen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matheson, M C" sort="Matheson, M C" uniqKey="Matheson M" first="M. C." last="Matheson">M. C. Matheson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<inist:fA14 i1="10">
<s1>Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne</s1>
<s2>Victoria</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pin, I" sort="Pin, I" uniqKey="Pin I" first="I." last="Pin">I. Pin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="11">
<s1>Inserm, U823, Centre de Recherche Albert Bonniot, Immunobiologie et Immunothérapie des cancers</s1>
<s2>La Tronche</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<wicri:noRegion>La Tronche</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Immunobiologie et Immunothérapie des cancers</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>La Tronche</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="12">
<s1>University Joseph Fourier</s1>
<s2>Grenoble</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Grenoble</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="13">
<s1>Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble</s1>
<s2>Grenoble</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Grenoble</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Anto, J M" sort="Anto, J M" uniqKey="Anto J" first="J. M." last="Anto">J. M. Anto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="01">
<s1>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL)</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="02">
<s1>Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar)</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="03">
<s1>CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="14">
<s1>Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wjst, M" sort="Wjst, M" uniqKey="Wjst M" first="M." last="Wjst">M. Wjst</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="15">
<s1>German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Centre GSF</s1>
<s2>Munich</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Estivill, X" sort="Estivill, X" uniqKey="Estivill X" first="X." last="Estivill">X. Estivill</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="03">
<s1>CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="04">
<s1>Genes and Disease Program, Center for Genomic Regulation</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="14">
<s1>Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kogevinas, M" sort="Kogevinas, M" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="M." last="Kogevinas">M. Kogevinas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="01">
<s1>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL)</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="02">
<s1>Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar)</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="03">
<s1>CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</s1>
<s2>Barcelona</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="16">
<s1>National School of Public Health</s1>
<s2>Athens</s2>
<s3>GRC</s3>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Grèce</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j" type="main">Thorax</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Thorax</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0040-6376</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2010">2010</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt>
<title level="j" type="main">Thorax</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Thorax</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0040-6376</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Age</term>
<term>Anesthesia</term>
<term>Asthma</term>
<term>Atopy</term>
<term>Cardiology</term>
<term>Circulatory system</term>
<term>Cohort study</term>
<term>Gene</term>
<term>International</term>
<term>Population</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Asthme</term>
<term>Atopie</term>
<term>Gène</term>
<term>Age</term>
<term>International</term>
<term>Population</term>
<term>Etude cohorte</term>
<term>Anesthésie</term>
<term>Appareil circulatoire</term>
<term>Cardiologie</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background Several genes identified by positional cloning have been associated with asthma and atopy, but few findings have been replicated. Age at onset of asthma has been associated with different phenotypic characteristics, and with variants at chromosome 17q21 identified through genome-wide association. This study examined the associations and age-specific effects on asthma, atopy and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) of five candidate genes previously identified by positional cloning (ADAM33, PHF11, NPSR1, DPP10, SPINK5). Methods 51 polymorphisms from 2474 participants from 13 countries who took part in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (1990-2000) were studied. Asthma and age at onset of asthma were assessed by questionnaire data, BHR by methacholine challenge and atopy by specific immunoglobulin E to four common allergens. Results Significant associations with asthma, atopy and particularly for asthma with atopy were observed for a large region of 47 kb in the NPSR1 gene, even after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p<0.001). The associations with NPSR1 were stronger in those reporting a first attack of asthma before the age of 15, with statistically significant interactions with age of onset found for three SNPs. The evidence for ADAM33 and BHR and for an age-specific effect of two SNPs in DPP10 and asthma was weaker. Conclusion This study provides further evidence for an effect of NPSR1 on asthma, atopy and atopic asthma. In addition, this analysis suggests a role for NPSR1 in early-onset asthma driven by the strong effect of this gene on atopic asthma.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Espagne</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Grèce</li>
<li>Norvège</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Suède</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Attique (région)</li>
<li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Bavière</li>
<li>Catalogne</li>
<li>District de Haute-Bavière</li>
<li>East Middle Sweden</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
<li>Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Svealand</li>
<li>Victoria (État)</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Athènes</li>
<li>Barcelone</li>
<li>Grenoble</li>
<li>Londres</li>
<li>Melbourne</li>
<li>Munich</li>
<li>Uppsala</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université d'Uppsala</li>
<li>Université de Melbourne</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Espagne">
<region name="Catalogne">
<name sortKey="Castro Giner, F" sort="Castro Giner, F" uniqKey="Castro Giner F" first="F." last="Castro-Giner">F. Castro-Giner</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Anto, J M" sort="Anto, J M" uniqKey="Anto J" first="J. M." last="Anto">J. M. Anto</name>
<name sortKey="Anto, J M" sort="Anto, J M" uniqKey="Anto J" first="J. M." last="Anto">J. M. Anto</name>
<name sortKey="Anto, J M" sort="Anto, J M" uniqKey="Anto J" first="J. M." last="Anto">J. M. Anto</name>
<name sortKey="Anto, J M" sort="Anto, J M" uniqKey="Anto J" first="J. M." last="Anto">J. M. Anto</name>
<name sortKey="Castro Giner, F" sort="Castro Giner, F" uniqKey="Castro Giner F" first="F." last="Castro-Giner">F. Castro-Giner</name>
<name sortKey="Castro Giner, F" sort="Castro Giner, F" uniqKey="Castro Giner F" first="F." last="Castro-Giner">F. Castro-Giner</name>
<name sortKey="De Cid, R" sort="De Cid, R" uniqKey="De Cid R" first="R." last="De Cid">R. De Cid</name>
<name sortKey="De Cid, R" sort="De Cid, R" uniqKey="De Cid R" first="R." last="De Cid">R. De Cid</name>
<name sortKey="Estivill, X" sort="Estivill, X" uniqKey="Estivill X" first="X." last="Estivill">X. Estivill</name>
<name sortKey="Estivill, X" sort="Estivill, X" uniqKey="Estivill X" first="X." last="Estivill">X. Estivill</name>
<name sortKey="Estivill, X" sort="Estivill, X" uniqKey="Estivill X" first="X." last="Estivill">X. Estivill</name>
<name sortKey="Gonzalez, J R" sort="Gonzalez, J R" uniqKey="Gonzalez J" first="J. R." last="Gonzalez">J. R. Gonzalez</name>
<name sortKey="Gonzalez, J R" sort="Gonzalez, J R" uniqKey="Gonzalez J" first="J. R." last="Gonzalez">J. R. Gonzalez</name>
<name sortKey="Gonzalez, J R" sort="Gonzalez, J R" uniqKey="Gonzalez J" first="J. R." last="Gonzalez">J. R. Gonzalez</name>
<name sortKey="Kogevinas, M" sort="Kogevinas, M" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="M." last="Kogevinas">M. Kogevinas</name>
<name sortKey="Kogevinas, M" sort="Kogevinas, M" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="M." last="Kogevinas">M. Kogevinas</name>
<name sortKey="Kogevinas, M" sort="Kogevinas, M" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="M." last="Kogevinas">M. Kogevinas</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni">
<region name="Angleterre">
<name sortKey="Jarvis, D" sort="Jarvis, D" uniqKey="Jarvis D" first="D." last="Jarvis">D. Jarvis</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne">
<region name="Bavière">
<name sortKey="Heinrich, J" sort="Heinrich, J" uniqKey="Heinrich J" first="J." last="Heinrich">J. Heinrich</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Wjst, M" sort="Wjst, M" uniqKey="Wjst M" first="M." last="Wjst">M. Wjst</name>
</country>
<country name="Suède">
<region name="Svealand">
<name sortKey="Janson, C" sort="Janson, C" uniqKey="Janson C" first="C." last="Janson">C. Janson</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Norvège">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Omenaas, E R" sort="Omenaas, E R" uniqKey="Omenaas E" first="E. R." last="Omenaas">E. R. Omenaas</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Omenaas, E R" sort="Omenaas, E R" uniqKey="Omenaas E" first="E. R." last="Omenaas">E. R. Omenaas</name>
</country>
<country name="Australie">
<region name="Victoria (État)">
<name sortKey="Matheson, M C" sort="Matheson, M C" uniqKey="Matheson M" first="M. C." last="Matheson">M. C. Matheson</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="France">
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<name sortKey="Pin, I" sort="Pin, I" uniqKey="Pin I" first="I." last="Pin">I. Pin</name>
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<name sortKey="Pin, I" sort="Pin, I" uniqKey="Pin I" first="I." last="Pin">I. Pin</name>
<name sortKey="Pin, I" sort="Pin, I" uniqKey="Pin I" first="I." last="Pin">I. Pin</name>
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<country name="Grèce">
<region name="Attique (région)">
<name sortKey="Kogevinas, M" sort="Kogevinas, M" uniqKey="Kogevinas M" first="M." last="Kogevinas">M. Kogevinas</name>
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